Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 1901-1920 of 5084
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Accurate Liquid Water Path Retrieval from Low-Cost Microwave Radiometers Using Additional Information from a Lidar Ceilometer and Operational Forecast Models
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)Water clouds have an important impact on the radiative balance of the earth. The use of ground-based dual-frequency microwave radiometers to derive both liquid water path (LWP) and water vapor path (WVP) is well established, ... -
Limitations to a Geostationary Infrared Sounder due to Diffraction: The Meteosat Third Generation Infrared Sounder (MTG IRS)
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)Geostationary infrared sounding missions offer good temporal coverage; however, because of the large distance to the observed earth targets, the effect of diffraction is increased compared to sounding from a low earth orbit ... -
Comparisons of Raman Lidar Measurements of Tropospheric Water Vapor Profiles with Radiosondes, Hygrometers on the Meteorological Observation Tower, and GPS at Tsukuba, Japan
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)The vertical distribution profiles of the water vapor mixing ratio (w) were measured by Raman lidar at the Meteorological Research Institute, Japan, during the period from 2000 to 2004. The measured values were compared ... -
Autocorrelation and Cross-Correlation Estimators of Polarimetric Variables
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)Herein are proposed novel estimators of differential reflectivity ZDR and correlation coefficient ?hv between horizontally and vertically polarized echoes. The estimators use autocorrelations and cross correlations of the ... -
Effects of Atmospheric Stability on Wave and Energy Propagation in the Troposphere
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)The very high frequency (VHF) middle and upper atmosphere radar radio acoustic sounding system (MU-RASS) in Shigaraki, Japan, is able to provide tropospheric virtual temperature data with high temporal resolution on the ... -
An Integrating Velocity–Azimuth Process Single-Doppler Radar Wind Retrieval Method
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)Among the single-Doppler radar wind analysis methods, the velocity?azimuth display (VAD), velocity?azimuth process (VAP), and uniform-wind (UW) methods are widely used because of their simplicity. This paper shows that the ... -
Drop Shapes, Model Comparisons, and Calculations of Polarimetric Radar Parameters in Rain
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)Drop shapes derived from a previously conducted artificial rain experiment using a two-dimensional video disdrometer (2DVD) are presented. The experiment involved drops falling over a distance of 80 m to achieve their ... -
Inexpensive Near-IR Sun Photometer for Measuring Total Column Water Vapor
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)An inexpensive two-channel near-IR sun photometer for measuring total atmospheric column water vapor (precipitable water) has been developed for use by the Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE) ... -
Scalable Implementations of Ensemble Filter Algorithms for Data Assimilation
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)A variant of a least squares ensemble (Kalman) filter that is suitable for implementation on parallel architectures is presented. This parallel ensemble filter produces results that are identical to those from sequential ... -
Lidar-Based Characterization of the Geometry and Structure of Water Clouds
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)Lidar remote sensing measurements of low-level water clouds in the form of vertical soundings and instantaneous (?1 min) azimuth-over-elevation scans are reported. Retrievals are made of the liquid water content and effective ... -
Discrimination of Bird and Insect Radar Echoes in Clear Air Using High-Resolution Radars
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)The source of clear-air reflectivity from operational and research meteorological radars has been a subject of much debate and study over the entire history of radar meteorology. Recent studies have suggested that bird ... -
Spectral Density of Polarimetric Variables Separating Biological Scatterers in the VAD Display
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)Echoes in clear air from two types of biological scatterers mixed within the resolution volumes over a large region, observed with S-band dual polarization radar, are presented. This case occurred in the evening of 7 ... -
Skill Assessment of Resolving Ocean Surface Current Structure Using Compact-Antenna-Style HF Radar and the MUSIC Direction-Finding Algorithm
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)A skill analysis of the Multiple Signal Characterization (MUSIC) algorithm used in compact-antenna-style HF radar ocean current radial velocity/bearing determination is performed using simulation. The simulation is based ... -
Impact of Accurate Geoid Fields on Estimates of the Ocean Circulation
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)The impact of new geoid height models on estimates of the ocean circulation, now available from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) spacecraft, is assessed, and the implications of far more accurate geoids, ... -
Sources of Error in Dual-Wavelength Radar Remote Sensing of Cloud Liquid Water Content
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)Dual-wavelength ratio (DWR) techniques offer the prospect of producing high-resolution mapping of cloud microphysical properties, including retrievals of cloud liquid water content (LWC) from reflectivity measured by ... -
Solar Power for Autonomous Floats
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)Advances in low-power instrumentation and communications now often make energy storage the limiting factor for long-term autonomous oceanographic measurements. Recent advances in photovoltaic cells, with efficiencies now ... -
A Low-Noise, Microprocessor-Controlled, Internally Digitizing Rotating-Vane Electric Field Mill for Airborne Platforms
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)This paper reports on a new generation of aircraft-based rotating-vane-style electric field mills designed and built at NASA?s Marshall Space Flight Center. The mills have individual microprocessors that digitize the ... -
Depolarization in Ice Crystals and Its Effect on Radar Polarimetric Measurements
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)Simultaneous transmission and reception of horizontally and vertically polarized waves is a preferable choice technique for dual-polarization weather radar. One of the consequences of such a choice is possible cross-coupling ... -
An Improved Algorithm for the Operational Calibration of the High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)Radiance data from the High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) have been used routinely in both direct radiance assimilation for numerical weather prediction and climate change detection studies. The operational ... -
Comparison between Backscatter Lidar and Radiosonde Measurements of the Diurnal and Nocturnal Stratification in the Lower Troposphere
(American Meteorological Society, 2007)A collection of boundary layer heights has been derived from measurements performed by a ground-based backscatter lidar in Neuchâtel, Switzerland (47.000°N, 6.967°E, 485 m ASL). A dataset of 98 cases have been collected ...