Weather and Forecasting: Recent submissions
Now showing items 2181-2200 of 3043
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Taking Shelter: Estimating the Safety Benefits of Tornado Safe Rooms
(American Meteorological Society, 2002)Over the past several decades, engineers have made significant progress in the design and construction of structures able to withstand tornadic winds and debris. The aftermath of the 3 May 1999 F5 tornado in Moore, Oklahoma, ... -
Lessons Learned from the Damage Produced by the Tornadoes of 3 May 1999
(American Meteorological Society, 2002)After the tornadoes of 3 May 1999, the Federal Emergency Management Agency formed a Building Performance Assessment Team (BPAT) to examine the main tornado paths during the outbreak and to make recommendations based on the ... -
Engineering Observations of 3 May 1999 Oklahoma Tornado Damage
(American Meteorological Society, 2002)On 3 May 1999, a severe tornado outbreak occurred in Oklahoma, Kansas, and other southwestern states. Because some of the tornadoes struck some highly populated areas, including Oklahoma City and its suburbs, they provided ... -
Tornado Damage Survey at Moore, Oklahoma
(American Meteorological Society, 2002)On 4 May 1999, the Wind Science and Engineering Research Center at Texas Tech University dispatched three survey teams to the Oklahoma City area to conduct a tornado damage survey. The author was the leader of one of the ... -
Response to Warnings during the 3 May 1999 Oklahoma City Tornado: Reasons and Relative Injury Rates
(American Meteorological Society, 2002)Residents of homes that sustained F4 or F5 damage in the deadliest of the 3 May 1999 tornadoes were surveyed to determine their responses to the tornado warning, reasons for their responses, and relative injury rates. There ... -
OK-FIRST: An Example of Successful Collaboration between the Meteorological and Emergency Response Communities on 3 May 1999
(American Meteorological Society, 2002)The Oklahoma Climatological Survey began an initiative known as Oklahoma's First-Response Information System using Telecommunications (OK-FIRST) in 1996 to support local public-safety agencies (fire departments, law ... -
Warning Decision Making: The Relative Roles of Conceptual Models, Technology, Strategy, and Forecaster Expertise on 3 May 1999
(American Meteorological Society, 2002)This paper examines concepts related to warning decision making for the 3 May 1999 tornado outbreak in central Oklahoma. Sixty-six tornadoes occurred during this outbreak, with 58 occurring in the Norman, Oklahoma, National ... -
Storm Prediction Center Forecasting Issues Related to the 3 May 1999 Tornado Outbreak
(American Meteorological Society, 2002)Forecasters at the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) were faced with many challenges during the 3 May 1999 tornado outbreak. Operational numerical forecast models valid during the outbreak gave inaccurate, inconsistent, and/or ... -
Mesoscale Model Ensemble Forecasts of the 3 May 1999 Tornado Outbreak
(American Meteorological Society, 2002)A six-member ensemble is developed in which the ensemble members only vary in their model physical process parameterization schemes. This approach is accomplished by mixing three different convective parameterization schemes ... -
Fine-Resolution 4DVAR Data Assimilation for the Great Plains Tornado Outbreak of 3 May 1999
(American Meteorological Society, 2002)The National Centers for Environmental Prediction fine-resolution four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) data assimilation system is used to study the Great Plains tornado outbreak of 3 May 1999. It was found that the 4DVAR ... -
The Multiple-Vortex Structure of a Tornado
(American Meteorological Society, 2002)The structure and behavior of multiple subtornadic-scale vortices in a tornado were examined and were compared with laboratory, conceptual, and numerical models. Unique radar observations of an exceptionally large and ... -
Radar Observations of the 3 May 1999 Oklahoma City Tornado
(American Meteorological Society, 2002)The 3 May 1999 Oklahoma City storm is unique from a weather radar perspective because a long-track violent tornado passed within close range of several Doppler radars, because a detailed damage survey was conducted immediately ... -
Monitoring High-Temporal-Resolution Convective Stability Indices Using the Ground-Based Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) during the 3 May 1999 Oklahoma–Kansas Tornado Outbreak
(American Meteorological Society, 2002)The Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program has funded the development and installation of five atmospheric emitted radiance interferometer (AERI) systems around the Southern Great Plains Cloud and ... -
Mobile Mesonet Observations on 3 May 1999
(American Meteorological Society, 2002)Two long-lived tornadic supercells were sampled by an automobile-borne observing system on 3 May 1999. The ?mobile mesonet? observed relatively warm and moist air, weak baroclinity, and small pressure excess at the surface ... -
Synoptic Regulation of the 3 May 1999 Tornado Outbreak
(American Meteorological Society, 2002)Despite the relatively successful long-lead-time forecasts of the storms during the 3 May 1999 tornadic outbreak in Oklahoma and Kansas, forecasters were unable to predict with confidence details concerning convective ... -
Analysis of Tornado Damage Tracks from the 3 May Tornado Outbreak Using Multispectral Satellite Imagery
(American Meteorological Society, 2002)Remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) techniques are applied to high-resolution satellite imagery to determine characteristics of tornado damage from the 3 May 1999 tornado outbreak. Three remote ... -
The Tornadoes of 3 May 1999: Event Verification in Central Oklahoma and Related Issues
(American Meteorological Society, 2002)The tornado events of 3 May 1999 within the county warning area of the Norman, Oklahoma, office of the National Weather Service are reviewed, emphasizing the challenges associated with obtaining accurate information about ... -
Deaths in the 3 May 1999 Oklahoma City Tornado from a Historical Perspective
(American Meteorological Society, 2002)The 3 May 1999 Oklahoma City tornado was the deadliest in the United States in over 20 years, with 36 direct fatalities. To understand how this event fits into the historical context, the record of tornado deaths in the ... -
Tornado-Related Deaths and Injuries in Oklahoma due to the 3 May 1999 Tornadoes
(American Meteorological Society, 2002)During the evening hours of 3 May 1999, 58 tornadoes occurred in Oklahoma. One tornado reached F5 intensity and left a widespread path of death, injury, and destruction in and around the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. ... -
PREFACE
(American Meteorological Society, 2002)