Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences: Recent submissions
Now showing items 781-800 of 13215
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New Insights into Wind Shear Effects on Entrainment in Convective Boundary Layers Using Conditional Analysis
(American Meteorological Society, 2020)Conventional analysis has shown that strong wind shear enhances the entrainment buoyancy flux in the convective boundary layer. By conditioning the entrainment zone into regions of turbulent (i.e., strongly vortical) and ... -
On the Evaluation of the Proportionality Coefficient between the Turbulence Temperature Spectrum and Structure Parameter
(American Meteorological Society, 2020)The turbulence temperature spectrum and structure parameter are related through a widely adopted proportionality coefficient. We formally derive this expression, and present further evidence, to demonstrate that this ... -
A Study of the Interaction between Typhoon Francisco (2013) and a Cold-Core Eddy. Part II: Boundary Layer Structures
(American Meteorological Society, 2020)In Part II of this study, the influence of an oceanic cold-core eddy on the atmospheric boundary layer structures of Typhoon Francisco (2013) is investigated, as well as a comparison with the cold wake effect. Results show ... -
Inertia–Gravity Waves Breaking in the Middle Atmosphere at High Latitudes: Energy Transfer and Dissipation Tensor Anisotropy
(American Meteorological Society, 2020)We present direct numerical simulations of inertia–gravity waves breaking in the middle–upper mesosphere. We consider two different altitudes, which correspond to the Reynolds number of 28 647 and 114 591 based on wavelength ... -
Effect of Swell on Wind Stress for Light to Moderate Winds
(American Meteorological Society, 2020)Buoy observations from a 1999 Gulf of Mexico field program (GOM99) are used to investigate the relationships among friction velocity u*, wind speed U, and amount of swell present. A U–u*sea parameterization is developed ... -
Improved Length Scales for Turbulence Kinetic Energy–Based Planetary Boundary Layer Scheme for the Convective Atmospheric Boundary Layer
(American Meteorological Society, 2020)Based on a priori analysis of large-eddy simulations (LESs) of the convective atmospheric boundary layer, improved turbulent mixing and dissipation length scales are proposed for a turbulence kinetic energy (TKE)-based ... -
Evaluation of ECMWF Radiation Scheme Using Aircraft Observations of Spectral Irradiance above Clouds
(American Meteorological Society, 2020)A novel approach to compare airborne observations of solar spectral irradiances measured above clouds with along-track radiative transfer simulations (RTS) is presented. The irradiance measurements were obtained with the ... -
Scaling Behavior of a Turbulent Kinetic Energy Closure Scheme for the Stably Stratified Atmosphere: A Steady-State Analysis
(American Meteorological Society, 2020)We present a turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) closure scheme for the stably stratified atmosphere in which the mixing lengths for momentum and heat are not parameterized in the same manner. The key difference is that, while ... -
Inertial Waves in Axisymmetric Tropical Cyclones
(American Meteorological Society, 2020)The heat engine model of tropical cyclones describes a thermally direct overturning circulation. Outflowing air slowly subsides as radiative cooling to space balances adiabatic warming, a process that does not consume any ... -
On Controlling the Shape of the Cost Functional in Dynamic Data Assimilation: Guidelines for Placement of Observations and Application to Saltzman’s Model of Convection
(American Meteorological Society, 2020)Over the decades the role of observations in building and/or improving the fidelity of a model to a phenomenon is well documented in the meteorological literature. More recently adaptive/targeted observations have been ... -
Direct and Indirect Effects of Surface Fluxes on Moist Baroclinic Development in an Idealized Framework
(American Meteorological Society, 2020)The convoluted role of surface sensible and latent heat fluxes on moist baroclinic development demands a better understanding to disentangle their local and remote effects. Including diabatic effects in the Eady model, the ... -
A New Parameterization of the Accretion of Cloud Water by Snow and Its Evaluation through Simulations of Mesoscale Convective Systems
(American Meteorological Society, 2020)A new parameterization of the accretion of cloud water by snow for use in bulk microphysics schemes is derived as an analytic approximation of the stochastic collection equation (SCE), where the theoretical collision ... -
Seasonal Modulation of Trapped Gravity Waves and Their Imprints on Trade Wind Clouds
(American Meteorological Society, 2020)Shallow convection over the oceans is responsible for the largest uncertainties in climate projections. Idealized simulations have shown decades ago that shallow clouds generate internal gravity waves, which under certain ... -
A Large-Eddy Simulation Study of Contrail Ice Number Formation
(American Meteorological Society, 2020)Ice crystal number is a critical ingredient in the potential climate impact of persistent contrails and contrail-induced cirrus. We perform an extensive set of large-eddy simulations (LES) of ice nucleation and growth ... -
The Transient Responses of an Axisymmetric Tropical Cyclone to Instantaneous Surface Roughening and Drying
(American Meteorological Society, 2020)Inland tropical cyclone (TC) impacts due to high winds and rainfall-induced flooding depend strongly on the evolution of the wind field and precipitation distribution after landfall. However, research has yet to test the ... -
Composite In Situ Microphysical Analysis of All Spiral Vertical Profiles Executed within BAMEX and PECAN Mesoscale Convective Systems
(American Meteorological Society, 2020)Vertical profiles of temperature, relative humidity, cloud particle concentration, median mass dimension, and mass content were derived using instruments on the NOAA P-3 aircraft for 37 spiral ascents/descents flown within ... -
A Businger Mechanism for Intermittent Bursting in the Stable Boundary Layer
(American Meteorological Society, 2020)High-resolution large-eddy simulations of the Antarctic very stable boundary layer reveal a mechanism for systematic and periodic intermittent bursting. A nonbursting state with a boundary layer height of just 3 m is ... -
Estimating Surface Attachment Kinetic and Growth Transition Influences on Vapor-Grown Ice Crystals
(American Meteorological Society, 2020)There are few measurements of the vapor growth of small ice crystals at temperatures below −30°C. Presented here are mass-growth measurements of heterogeneously and homogeneously frozen ice particles grown within an ... -
Entropy Production Rates of the Climate
(American Meteorological Society, 2020)There is ongoing interest in the global entropy production rate as a climate diagnostic and predictor, but progress has been limited by ambiguities in its definition; different conceptual boundaries of the climate system ... -
Transition of the Hurricane Boundary Layer during the Landfall of Hurricane Irene (2011)
(American Meteorological Society, 2020)The hurricane boundary layer (HBL) has been observed in great detail through aircraft investigations of tropical cyclones over the open ocean, but the coastal transition of the HBL has been less frequently observed. During ...