Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences: Recent submissions
Now showing items 4661-4680 of 13215
-
On the Mechanical Efficiency of Deep, Tropical Convection
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)A heuristic model of deep, tropical convection duplicates many of the results obtained by Pauluis and Held from studies of a numerical model of a tropical convective ensemble, and offers insights into and explicit parametric ... -
Intermittent and Elliptical Inertial Oscillations in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)As a convective boundary layer over land decays in the late afternoon, the atmosphere responds to the release of turbulent stresses. For many years, this response has been presumed to take the form of an inertial oscillation, ... -
A Simplified Fourier Method for Nonhydrostatic Mountain Waves
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)A previously derived approximation to the standard Fourier integral technique for linear mountain waves is extended to include nonhydrostatic effects in a background flow with height-dependent wind and stratification. The ... -
Convective Mixing near the Tropical Tropopause: Insights from Seasonal Variations
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)It has been suggested that convection remains important in the budget of water vapor up to the tropical tropopause or even higher. But observed seasonal variations of CO2 and water vapor in the lower stratosphere, and their ... -
Sampling Errors in Rawinsonde-Array Budgets
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Rawinsonde data used for sounding-array budget computations have random errors, both instrumental errors and errors of representativeness (here called sampling errors). The latter are associated with the fact that radiosondes ... -
Tropical Cumulus Convection and Upward-Propagating Waves in Middle-Atmospheric GCMs
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)It is recognized that the resolved tropical wave spectrum can vary considerably among general circulation models (GCMs) and that these differences can have an important impact on the simulated climate. A comprehensive ... -
GCM Aerosol Radiative Effects Using Geographically Varying Aerosol Sizes Deduced from AERONET Measurements
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Aerosol optical properties, and hence the direct radiative effects, are largely determined by the assumed aerosol size distribution. In order to relax the fixed aerosol size constraint commonly used in general circulation ... -
Properties of Tropical and Midlatitude Ice Cloud Particle Ensembles. Part II: Applications for Mesoscale and Climate Models
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)This is the second part of a study that characterizes several bulk properties of ice particle populations sampled in synoptically generated midlatitude and convectively generated tropical ice clouds, for the purpose of ... -
Open Boundary Conditions for the Primitive and Boussinesq Equations
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)It was shown by Oliger and Sundström, in 1978, that the initial boundary value problems for the hydrostatic primitive equations of meteorology and oceanography are ill posed if the boundaries are open and fixed in space. ... -
Properties of Tropical and Midlatitude Ice Cloud Particle Ensembles. Part I: Median Mass Diameters and Terminal Velocities
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)This is Part I of a study that characterizes several bulk properties of ice particle populations sampled in midlatitude and tropical cirrus and deep stratiform ice clouds, for the purpose of developing an understanding of ... -
Formation Mechanism of the Simulated SPCZ and Baiu Front Using a Regional Climate Model
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)The formation mechanisms of both the South Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ) and the baiu front are investigated using a regional climate model. Some idealistic numerical experiments are carried out assuming zonally uniform ... -
Satellite Data Assimilation in Numerical Weather Prediction Models. Part I: Forward Radiative Transfer and Jacobian Modeling in Cloudy Atmospheres
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Satellite data assimilation requires rapid and accurate radiative transfer and radiance gradient models. For a vertically stratified scattering and emitting atmosphere, the vector discrete-ordinate radiative transfer model ... -
Relationship between Low-Level Jet Properties and Turbulence Kinetic Energy in the Nocturnal Stable Boundary Layer
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)In the nighttime stable boundary layer (SBL), shear and turbulence are generated in the layer between the maximum of the low-level jet (LLJ) and the earth's surface. Here, it is investigated whether gross properties of the ... -
Turbulence Measurements with the CIRES Tethered Lifting System during CASES-99: Calibration and Spectral Analysis of Temperature and Velocity
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Finescale temperature and velocity measurements with multiple vertically spaced cold-wire and hot-wire sensors on the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences (CIRES) tethered lifting system (TLS) ... -
The Role of Giant and Ultragiant Nuclei in the Formation of Early Radar Echoes in Warm Cumulus Clouds
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)Observations of the formation of the first radar echoes in small cumulus clouds are compared with results of a stochastic coalescence model run in the framework of a closed parcel. The observations were made with an ... -
Extreme Gradients in the Nocturnal Boundary Layer: Structure, Evolution, and Potential Causes
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)During the Cooperative Atmosphere?Surface Exchange Study-1999 (CASES-99) campaign in southeastern Kansas in the fall of 1999, the University of Colorado's Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) ... -
Intermittent Turbulence in the Stable Boundary Layer over Land. Part III: A Classification for Observations during CASES-99
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)In this paper a classification of stable boundary layer regimes is presented based on observations of near-surface turbulence during the Cooperative Atmosphere?Surface Exchange Study-1999 (CASES-99). It is found that the ... -
An Evaluation of Bulk Ri-Based Surface Layer Flux Formulas for Stable and Very Stable Conditions with Intermittent Turbulence
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)High-rate near-surface overnight atmospheric data taken during the Cooperative Atmosphere?Surface Exchange Study-1999 (CASES-99) is used to quantify the representativeness of surface layer formulations under statically ... -
Formulation of Turbulent Fluxes in the Stable Boundary Layer
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)The mixing lengths for heat and momentum are computed from seven levels of eddy correlation data during the Cooperative Atmosphere?Surface Exchange Study-1999 (CASES-99). A number of formulations of the mixing length are ... -
Wave Over-reflection and Baroclinic Instability of the Eady Problem
(American Meteorological Society, 2003)The concept of wave over-reflection is applied to the unstable normal mode of the Eady problem. In order to consider propagation properties of the Rossby waves trapped at the boundaries, two thin boundary layers are ...