Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences: Recent submissions
Now showing items 2441-2460 of 13215
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Warm Conveyor Belts in Idealized Moist Baroclinic Wave Simulations
(American Meteorological Society, 2012)his idealized modeling study of moist baroclinic waves addresses the formation of moist ascending airstreams, so-called warm conveyor belts (WCBs), their characteristics, and their significance for the downstream flow ... -
A Formulation of Unified Three-Dimensional Wave Activity Flux of Inertia–Gravity Waves and Rossby Waves
(American Meteorological Society, 2013)companion paper formulates the three-dimensional wave activity flux (3D-flux-M) whose divergence corresponds to the wave forcing on the primitive equations. However, unlike the two-dimensional wave activity flux, 3D-flux-M ... -
A Multiscale Model for the Modulation and Rectification of the ITCZ
(American Meteorological Society, 2012)he authors introduce the modulation of the ITCZ equations (M-ITCZ), which describes the multiscale dynamics of the ITCZ on diurnal to monthly time scales in which mesoscale convectively coupled Rossby waves in the ITCZ are ... -
The Response of Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide to the Eruption of Mt. Pinatubo at Southern and Northern Midlatitudes
(American Meteorological Society, 2012)bservations have shown that the mass of nitrogen dioxide decreased at both southern and northern midlatitudes in the year following the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, indicating that the volcanic aerosol had enhanced nitrogen ... -
Zonal Momentum Balance in the Tropical Atmospheric Circulation during the Global Monsoon Mature Months
(American Meteorological Society, 2012)n this paper, zonal momentum balances of the tropical atmospheric circulation during the global monsoon mature months (January and July) are analyzed in three dimensions based on the ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim). ... -
Impact of Gravity Waves on Marine Stratocumulus Variability
(American Meteorological Society, 2012)he impact of gravity waves on marine stratocumulus is investigated using a large-eddy simulation model initialized with sounding profiles composited from the Variability of American Monsoon Systems (VAMOS) Ocean?Cloud?At ... -
A Formulation of Three-Dimensional Residual Mean Flow Applicable Both to Inertia–Gravity Waves and to Rossby Waves
(American Meteorological Society, 2013)he three-dimensional (3D) residual mean flow is expressed as the sum of the Eulerian-mean flow and the Stokes drift. The present study derives formulas that are approximately equal to the 3D Stokes drift for the primitive ... -
Convective-Scale Variations in the Inner-Core Rainbands of a Tropical Cyclone
(American Meteorological Society, 2012)irborne Doppler radar documented a variety of convective-scale structures within the inner-core rainbands of Hurricane Rita (2005). As predicted by past studies, wind shear determined azimuthal variations in the convection. ... -
Effects of Vertical Wind Shear on the Predictability of Tropical Cyclones
(American Meteorological Society, 2012)hrough cloud-resolving simulations, this study examines the effect of vertical wind shear and system-scale flow asymmetry on the predictability of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity during different stages of the TC life ... -
Vortex–Vortex Interactions for the Maintenance of Blocking. Part II: Numerical Experiments
(American Meteorological Society, 2012)he selective absorption mechanism (SAM), newly proposed in Part I of this study on the maintenance mechanism of blocking, is verified through numerical experiments. The experiments were based on the nonlinear equivalent-barotropic ... -
Factors Controlling the Vertical Extent of Fair-Weather Shallow Cumulus Clouds over Land: Investigation of Diurnal-Cycle Observations Collected at the ARM Southern Great Plains Site
(American Meteorological Society, 2012)ummertime observations for 13 yr at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains site are used to study fair-weather shallow cumuli (ShCu). To roughly separate forced from active ShCu, days are categorized ... -
A Numerical Simulation Study of the Effects of Anvil Shading on Quasi-Linear Convective Systems
(American Meteorological Society, 2012)umerical simulations are used to investigate how the attenuation of solar radiation by the intervening cumulonimbus cloud, particularly its large anvil, affects the structure, intensity, and evolution of quasi-linear ... -
Radiation Impacts on Conditionally Unstable Moist Convection
(American Meteorological Society, 2012)he present work analyzes the impacts of radiative cooling in three-dimensional high-resolution direct numerical simulations of moist Rayleigh?Bénard convection. An atmospheric slab is destabilized by imposing a warm, moist ... -
The Troposphere-to-Stratosphere Transition in Kinetic Energy Spectra and Nonlinear Spectral Fluxes as Seen in ECMWF Analyses
(American Meteorological Society, 2012)lobal horizontal wavenumber kinetic energy spectra and spectral fluxes of rotational kinetic energy and enstrophy are computed for a range of vertical levels using a T799 ECMWF operational analysis. Above 250 hPa, the ... -
The Influence of Entrainment and Mixing on the Initial Formation of Rain in a Warm Cumulus Cloud
(American Meteorological Society, 2013)he objective of this study is to address the problem of the production of rain in warm cumulus clouds that has been observed to occur within about 20 min. A hybrid model approach is used where a microphysical parcel model ... -
Ice Cloud Particle Size Distributions and Pressure-Dependent Terminal Velocities from In Situ Observations at Temperatures from 0° to −86°C
(American Meteorological Society, 2013)he primary goal of this study is to derive ice particle terminal velocities from micron to centimeter sizes and for atmospheric pressures covering the range 200?1000?hPa from data spanning a wide range of locations, ... -
Southern Hemisphere Jet Variability in the IPSL GCM at Varying Resolutions
(American Meteorological Society, 2012)luctuations of the Southern Hemisphere eddy-driven jet are studied in a suite of experiments with the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, version 4 (LMDZ4) atmospheric GCM with varying horizontal resolution, in coupled ... -
Analytical Delta-Four-Stream Doubling–Adding Method for Radiative Transfer Parameterizations
(American Meteorological Society, 2012)lthough single-layer solutions have been obtained for the δ-four-stream discrete ordinates method (DOM) in radiative transfer, a four-stream doubling?adding method (4DA) is lacking, which enables us to calculate the radiative ... -
Semibalance Model in Terrain-Following Coordinates
(American Meteorological Society, 2012)y partitioning the hydrostatically balanced flow into a nonlinearly balanced primary-flow part and a remaining secondary-flow part and then truncating the secondary-flow vorticity advection and stretching?tilting terms in ... -
Observational Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Formation Associated with Monsoon Gyres
(American Meteorological Society, 2012)arge-scale monsoon gyres and the involved tropical cyclone formation over the western North Pacific have been documented in previous studies. The aim of this study is to understand how monsoon gyres affect tropical cyclone ...