Optimum Heating of Pressure Vessels With Holes

Abstract

A method for determining timeoptimum medium temperature changes is presented. The heating of the pressure elements will be conducted so that the circumferential stress caused by pressure and fluid temperature variations at the edge of the opening at the point of stress concentration does not exceed the allowable value. In contrast to present standards, two points at the edge of the opening are taken into consideration. Optimum fluid temperature changes are assumed in the form of simple time functions. It is possible to increase the fluid temperature stepwise at the beginning of the heating process and then the fluid temperature can be increased with a constant rate.