Modeling Free-Surface Flow in Part-Filled Rotating Vessels: Vertical and Horizontal Orientations

Abstract

This paper reports on the numerical simulation of rotating flows with free surfaces, typically that arise in dough-kneading situations found within the food processing industry. Free-surface flow in a rotating cylinder is investigated when a fluid is stirred in a cylindrical-shaped vessel with a stirrer attached to its lid. The problem is posed in a three-dimensional cylindrical polar frame of reference. Numerical predictions are based on a Taylor-Galerkin/pressure-correction finite element formulation, with particle tracking to accommodate free-surface movement. Peeling and wetting conditions are incorporated to predict fluid-surface movement in contact with solid boundaries. Free-surface profiles are presented for different speeds of rotation and predictions compare closely to equivalent experimental results. The algorithmic implementation is validated against Newtonian analytical solutions. Typical results are presented to demonstrate the difference between Newtonian and inelastic model fluids.