http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/19035 Thu, 27 Aug 2026 03:01:45 GMT 2026-08-27T03:01:45Z https://localhost:443/yetl1/bitstream/id/184263/ http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/19035 http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4315741 Cloud-Integrated Hybrid Battery Management System With Hybrid State of Charge Estimation in On-Board Electric Vehicle Battery Packs Bose, Bibaswan; Li, Wei; Garg, Akhil; Gao, Liang; Panda, Biranchi; Wei, Kexiang Abstract. It is difficult for existing methods to solve the real-time accuracy problem of battery module-level state of charge (SoC) and the impact of single-battery inconsistency at the same time under dynamic operating conditions. The integration of data-driven technology and traditional algorithms is insufficient, leading to limited error compensation. In view of the accuracy of the SoC estimation of electric vehicle (EV) battery packs under dynamic driving conditions, this paper proposes a hybrid SoC estimation method for battery management system (BMS) based on a cloud master–slave architecture. The hybrid framework combines direct measurement methods (Coulomb counting method, open-circuit voltage method), state estimation algorithms (extended Kalman filtering, traceless Kalman filtering), and data-driven technologies (neural networks, Nonlinear Auto-Regressive Moving Average (NARMA-L2) models), and verifies its effectiveness through hardware-in-the-loop experiments. The research results show that under dynamic operating conditions, the hybrid Coulomb counting and neural network (CC + NN) method achieves the fastest error convergence rate and outperforms other methods. In addition, the proposed cloud master–slave BMS architecture significantly improves system reliability by enabling real-time cross-verification of the SoC data from the advanced algorithms of the on-board BMS (slave device) and the master device. The experiment is based on the Federal Test Procedure (FTP)-75 driving cycle and verifies the high efficiency of this method in practical applications. The final analysis shows that the CC + NN combination exhibits optimal error-suppression performance in complex scenarios and provides a high-precision solution for electric vehicle battery management. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4315741 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4315740 Effect of Calcination Temperature and Oxygen-Assisted Coprecipitation on the Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Li-Rich Lix[Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1]O2 Cathode Materials Brahma, Sanjaya; Lo, Chia-Hsin; Naik, Ramakanta; Huang, Jow-Lay; Chang, Chia-Chin Abstract. Lithium-rich layered oxide cathodes, Lix[Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1]O2, were synthesized via an oxygen-assisted coprecipitation method followed by calcination at 720 °C, 750 °C, and 780 °C. The introduction of O2 during coprecipitation facilitates in situ oxidation of Mn2+ to higher valence states, leading to Mn-enriched regions within the hydroxide precursor that form Li2MnO3-like domains in the layered structure upon calcination. The primary objective of this study was to systematically investigate the effect of calcination temperature on crystal structure, Li/Ni cation ordering, microstructure, and electrochemical performance. Structural analysis revealed that the 750 °C annealed sample exhibits the lowest Li/Ni disorder, optimal hexagonal ordering, and a porous nanosheet-based morphology, which together promote rapid lithium-ion diffusion. Electrochemical testing shows that this sample achieves the highest initial discharge capacity (∼145 mAh/g), excellent capacity retention (85.4% after 100 cycles), and good rate capability (77.5% retention at 5C). Samples annealed at 720 °C and 780 °C showed reduced performance due to incomplete crystallization and microstructural collapse, respectively. This work demonstrates that optimizing calcination temperature in combination with O2-assisted coprecipitation provides a scalable route to structurally robust lithium-rich NMC cathodes. While the initial capacity is lower than that of commercial NMC811, the study provides valuable insights into the interplay between synthesis conditions, structural ordering, and electrochemical behavior, highlighting design strategies for stable and reversible lithium-ion cathodes. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4315740 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4315739 Effect of Ball Milling Energy on the Structure and Electrochemical Behavior of CoS Alloys as Anode Materials for Aqueous Secondary Batteries Cai, Yang; Li, Jiabao; Huang, Jianling Abstract. Co-based alloys exhibit high reversible electrochemical capacity and superior electrocatalytic activity as anode materials for aqueous secondary batteries, yet several underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we systematically investigate the effect of ball milling energy on the structure and electrochemical performance of CoS alloy and elucidate the electrochemical reaction mechanism of CoS alloy anode in an aqueous alkaline electrolyte. This study demonstrates that the CoS alloy electrode undergoes redox reactions in the alkaline aqueous electrolyte, with reversible interconversion between Co and Co(OH)2, which contributes to the electrochemical capacity. The CoS alloy synthesized via low-energy ball milling, which lacks a formed compound phase, exhibits higher electrochemical activity than the compound-phase-containing CoS alloy obtained through high-energy ball milling. Specifically, the milled CoS alloys with ball-to-powder ratios of 5:1, 10:1, and 20:1, without a formed compound phase, exhibit initial discharge capacities of 473.7, 492.5, and 454.1 mA h/g, respectively, at a current density of 300 mA/g, and retain 322.5, 292.4, and 274.3 mA h/g after 100 cycles, respectively. In contrast, the sample with a ball-to-powder ratio of 30:1 forms the Co1−xS and Co4S3 phases, which are electrochemically inactive in alkaline electrolyte and thus unable to participate in redox reactions, resulting in a lower initial discharge capacity of 350.2 mA h/g and a retained capacity of 84.4 mA h/g after 100 cycles. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4315739 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4315738 Modeling the Inhomogeneous Stress Distribution in Proton Exchange Membrane Gas Diffusion Layers Taking Into Account Fiber Substrate and Microporous Layer Benz, Felix Abstract. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells and electrolyzers rely on carbon fiber gas diffusion layers (GDLs) for effective reactant transport, water management, and mechanical support. The mechanical integrity behavior of the carbon fiber substrate and the microporous layer (MPL) is critical during assembly due to compression-induced stresses. In this brief, a coupled mechanical model is used that captures the inhomogeneous stress and displacement distributions in the fiber/microporous layer composite structure under compression. The fiber substrate is modeled using 1D beam theory, while the MPL is represented through a 3D finite element method. An artificial composite structure is generated based on microstructural parameters. The model captures localized deformation and stress concentration phenomena consistent with experimental observations. Results reveal that the inhomogeneities in mechanical stiffness due to fiber clustering and MPL intrusion into fiber pores can play a significant role in the overall cell mechanics. This work advances the understanding of GDL’s mechanical behavior and offers insights into improving fuel cell performance and longevity through more robust component design. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4315738 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z