Abstract: For diagnosis of secondary lymphedema, amplitude mode (A-mode) examination using a single ultrasound probe has been suggested as one of the possible diagnostic modalities due to its relatively low cost, ease of usage, and ...

Abstract: The advantage of handheld type surgical microscope is that the size of the probe is small and light, and that both the working distance (15–30 cm) and field of view (30 deg) can be adjusted. The shortness working distance ...

Abstract: Most brain surgeries aim to completely resection a tumor. However, the arrangement of blood vessels around brain tumors is often complex. Moreover, the tumors and blood vessels have similar colors, making it difficult to ...

Abstract: Inside the brain tumor, the blood vessels are intricately composed, and the tumors and blood vessels are similar in color. Therefore, when observing tumors and blood vessels with the naked eye or a surgical microscope, it ...