Abstract: Abstract Calcareous sand, characterized by high porosity and fragile particle morphology, exhibits complex mechanical responses and particle breakage under multistage shear loading in coastal and seabed environments. This ...

Abstract: Abstract Calcareous sand is distinguished by its angular particle shape and high susceptibility to breakage during shearing. The particle size distribution (gradation), interparticle density, and particle strength play ...

Abstract: Abstract Socket connection is a commonly used connection method in accelerated bridge construction (ABC). The socket depth directly affects the connection reliability, force transmission mechanism, and foundation expenditure, ...