Abstract: In this study, an array of rigid cylindrical rods was used to simulate emergent vegetation stems that were subject to unidirectional open channel flows. The instantaneous drag force experienced by the rods was measured ...

Abstract: Laboratory experiments were conducted to directly measure the drag force induced by vegetation patches under unidirectional flow conditions. The drag force was measured with a highly responsive load cell for six patch ...

Abstract: Water entry is a complex transient process involving free interface, and the physical mechanism of the cavity dynamics and kinematic characteristics under various initial motion states still are not clear. In this study, ...