Abstract: Abstract Seepage anomaly has been a persistent challenge in long-term earth–rockfill dam operations. Engineering practices have used temperature measurements to identify abnormal seepage patterns, yet the coupling of seepage ...

Abstract: To investigate the mechanical characteristics of gravel under general stress conditions, a large-scale static and dynamic true triaxial apparatus was developed at Tsinghua University. The largest specimen was 2 × 2 × 4 mm, ...