Abstract: In this paper, we first describe the concept of cooperative intelligent transport systems (C – ITS) and introduce how advanced ITS technology is being developed in some countries. We then review and analyze the policies, ...

Abstract: There are many

Abstract: This paper describes a new definition of a map on the on-board unit (OBU) side as well as a new map-matching method for a global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system. Key points ...

Abstract: A decision circle is proposed for map-matching in the complex region of a road network, and a new map-matching algorithm is introduced to resolve the inaccuracy in GNSS-based ETC or road navigation systems. The decision ...

Abstract: Constrained