Abstract: The nomograph developed by Frost is widely used to estimate sprinkler evaporation losses. The original data from over 700 tests used to develop the nomograph are apparently lost. An equation is developed to approximate the ...

Abstract: Partial irrigation is supplying less water than a crop needs for full production. Partially irrigating crops is intended to stretch water supplies and increase total crop production and profit. Pakistan is short of water ...

Abstract: Four two‐stage pipe expansions were designed, constructed, and tested to estimate their annual operating cost in irrigation service. The hydraulic performances of these fittings were compared with past two‐stage expansion ...