Abstract: The effective strength of “square‐and‐diagonal” double‐layer grids constructed by a bolted jointing system is derived in this paper; and is defined as the strength represented in terms of the stress resultants in a continuum ...

Abstract: Square‐and‐diagonal double‐layer grids mean both “square‐on‐diagonal” and “diagonal‐on‐square” grids. When the grids are pin‐jointed, they may give rise to unstable higher‐order deformations corresponding to the unstable ...

Abstract: Tangent stiffness equations for a beam-column, which is subjected to either uniformly or sinusoidally distributed lateral loads, are presented. The equations have been derived by differentiating the slope-deflection equations ...