Abstract: Dynamic response of a railway embankment to a high-speed train is simulated for two cases: the soft ground is improved by cast–in situ concrete pipe (PCC) piles, and the soft ground is not improved. The obtained results ...

Abstract: Shotcrete or sprayed concrete is widely used as ground support in the construction of tunnels. The early-age strength development of shotcrete is very important because it influences the determination of safe re-entry times ...