Abstract: Hydraulic structures, such as stepped cascades and weirs, involve air entrainment (aeration) and oxygen transfer. Therefore, they can increase dissolved oxygen levels. Weir aeration occurs in rivers, fish hatcheries, and ...

Abstract: Sprinkler irrigation is one of the advanced water-saving irrigation technologies, which has a significant effect for the development of agriculture. Sprinklers are designed to rotate in a circle. In practice, sprinklers ...