Abstract: ind speed is the main factor responsible for the increase in ocean thermal emission because sea surface emissivity strongly depends on surface roughness. An alternative approach to estimate the surface wind speed (SWS) as ...

Abstract: Sea ice is one of the most important parameters in the global climate system, specifically the exchange of energy and momentum between the ocean and the atmosphere. In previous studies, a steady decline in Arctic sea ice ...

Abstract: Accurate models of surface emissivity are important for interpreting satellite radiance observations. Surface emissivity depends on the satellite zenith angle, roughness, polarization, and refractive index of the surface. ...