Abstract: The seasonal variation in the Ekman layer is examined using observations from the Long-Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS), including surface meteorology, current, and temperature. The near-surface current is found to be coherent ...

Abstract: Experiments were conducted on cold-formed steel C-section joists with rectangular unstiffened web holes. The presence of holes decreased joist capacity and amplified distortional buckling deformation. Distortional buckling ...