Abstract: Abstract People spend the majority of their lives indoors, mainly in offices, academic institutions, various commercial spaces, and homes. Recent research in North America highlights that adults devote 87 percent of their ...

Abstract: AbstractPerformance evaluation of water supply systems is essential for asset management decision-making. Most studies focus on the infrastructure systems’ performance indicators without linking them to levels of service ...

Abstract: AbstractCathodic protection plays a crucial role in preventing the corrosion of cast and ductile iron pipes. However, less attention has been given to the long-term chemical reactions affecting crack growth and failures ...

Abstract: The building industry has a high energy consumption, which results in natural resource depletion, land use, ecosystem degradation, atmospheric pollution, and many other environmental impacts. Therefore, in modern construction, ...