Abstract: This paper discusses the effect of using different subballast solutions in the overall performance of the substructure on the basis of a methodology suitable to account for the effects of rail traffic loading and environmental ...

Abstract: This paper analyzes rail-track geometry degradation and uncertainty related to the phenomenon on the basis of the inspection of car records from recently upgraded sections of the Lisbon-Oporto line. Statistical analysis ...

Abstract: High-speed ballasted track design standards usually require the use of sand and gravel layers as subballast to fulfill an accurate protection of the formation layers, not only against traffic loads, but also against the ...