Abstract: Steady-state modeling of water distribution networks (WDNs) is the calculation of flow rates in pipes and nodal pressures for a given set of boundary conditions (i.e., water levels, pump curves, nodal demands, and so ...

Abstract: Design of water distribution networks (WDNs) is classified as a large combinatorial discrete nonlinear nondeterministic polynomial-hard (NP-hard) optimization problem. The main concerns associated with the optimization of ...