Abstract: The dependence of the velocity of sound on temperature and humidity mixing ratio is derived and the commonly applied expression of Wesely (1976) corrected. Variations in the acoustic refractive index produced by turbulent ...

Abstract: A monostatic acoustic sounder on the coast near La Spezia, Italy, detected clearly defined hummock echoes on two consecutive days in May 1977. The associated meteorological conditions are described. Reasonable agreement ...