Abstract: Gabions are a common construction material in the African Sahel and elsewhere, especially for spillways. Stepped gabion spillways are structurally stable, resistant to water loads, and efficient energy dissipators, but ...

Abstract: Tropical residual soils are found in different parts of the world and consist of mixtures of different types of soils such as sand, silt, and clay, resulting in intricate microstructures and mechanical responses. In this ...