Abstract: Accurate joint kinematics plays an important role in estimating joint kinetics in musculoskeletal simulations. Biplanar fluoroscopic (BPF) systems have been introduced to measure skeletal kinematics with six degrees-of-freedom. ...

Abstract: Joint contact forces measured with instrumented knee implants have not only revealed general patterns of joint loading but also showed individual variations that could be due to differences in anatomy and joint kinematics. ...