Abstract: On March 16, 2022, a magnitude 7.4 earthquake, hereinafter referred to as the 2022 Fukushima EQ, struck off the coast of Fukushima Prefecture. The 2022 Fukushima EQ caused the derailment of a Tohoku Shinkansen bullet train ...

Abstract: Self-centering columns (SC), while attracting interest for their high recoverability, do not dissipate seismic energy as efficiently as conventional reinforced concrete or steel columns, potentially leading to a more ...

Abstract: When hollow reinforced concrete (RC) columns are retrofitted with concrete filling, the hollow interior cannot always be accessed to treat the internal surface. Without this treatment, an optimal bond between the newly ...