Abstract: Pull-force estimation is important for the design of static pipe-bursting projects. Among the three components of the pull force, soil expansion force has a significant impact. In this study, a numerical model was employed ...

Abstract: The prediction of total pull force is critical for static pipe-bursting installation. As a major component of the total pull force, soil expansion prediction is also important; however, there are currently limited methods ...

Abstract: The prediction of total pull force is critical for static pipe-bursting installation. As a major component of the total pull force, soil expansion prediction is also important; however, there are currently limited methods ...