Abstract: Constructed slopes are traditionally given a planar form. However, natural slopes are more likely to be concave in cross section. In addition, laboratory and computational studies have demonstrated that concave slopes yield ...

Abstract: The growth of precision autoguidance systems on construction equipment suggests that nonplanar slopes and landforms now can be constructed readily. Slopes with concave cross sections not only appear more like natural slopes, ...

Abstract: The piling framed retaining wall (PFRW) is an innovative earth-retention system applicable for soils underlain by rock, which is ideal for applications where only limited right-of-way is available or adjacent structures ...