Abstract: It has been suggested that the sign of charge acquired by a riming graupel pellet during ice crystal interactions depends on its surface state being negative when it is evaporating and positive when growing by vapor ...

Abstract: Experimental evidence is presented to show that when fragments of rime break off a simulated graupel particle in an airflow, significant magnitudes of electric charge are separated only under very specific conditions. ...

Abstract: A number of precautions which should be taken during the replication of ice crystals using a Formvar solution have been identified. Several different forms of inaccurate and poor quality replicas are illustrated. Their ...