Abstract: Ten of eleven proposed three-dimensional similarity models identified in the literature are evaluated with direct wall shear, velocity field, and pressure gradient data from a three-dimensional ...

Abstract: Unique, simultaneous direct measurements of the magnitude and direction of the local wall shear stress in a pressure-driven three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer are presented. The flow is ...

Abstract: Preston tubes provide a convenient means of estimating local wall shear stress. Practical difficulties arise from a lack of calibration data obtained in turbulent boundary layer flows and from ...

Abstract: An omnidirectional wall shear meter has been developed which is capable of the direct measurement of both magnitude and direction of wall shear stress. Linearity, resolution, and accuracy have ...

Abstract: Eleven near-wall similarity models for three-dimensional turbulent boundary layers which have been identified in the literature are reviewed. Each model summary includes a brief review of its ...

Abstract: Ten of eleven three-dimensional near-wall similarity models identified in the literature are evaluated with direct wall shear, velocity field, and pressure gradient data from a three-dimensional ...