Abstract: Abstract. The minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has developed rapidly in recent years, and many robotic surgical instruments have been designed. To realize a more precise operation, a more flexible manipulator is required ...

Abstract: Robotic laparoendoscopic single site surgery (LESS) is emerging as a hot research topic with the advancement of robotics. However, the movement of the rigid catheter inserted through a fixed incision into the patient's ...