Abstract: The simplified theory of plastic zones (STPZ) was mainly developed to determine strain ranges and accumulated strains in the state of shakedown at cyclic loading between prescribed levels of loading. Kinematic hardening ...

Abstract: After distinguishing material ratcheting and structural ratcheting, different phenomena related to structural ratcheting are gathered. Ratcheting of elastic–plastic structures observed with stationary position of loads is ...

Abstract: After distinguishing material ratcheting and structural ratcheting, different phenomena related to structural ratcheting are gathered. Ratcheting of elastic–plastic structures observed with stationary position of loads is ...