Abstract: Idealized numerical experiments are conducted to understand the effect of upper-tropospheric potential vorticity (PV) anomalies on an environment conducive to severe weather. Anomalies are specified as a single isolated ...

Abstract: Observational and modeling studies have shown that shear and instability are powerful predictors of the likelihood of severe weather and tornadoes. To the extent that upper-tropospheric forecast errors can be described as ...

Abstract: Nonlinear balance potential vorticity (PV) inversion is used to diagnose the sensitivity of the severe convective parameter space to the amplitude of a subsynoptic-scale PV anomaly on 13 March 1990, a day on which a ...

Abstract: A potential vorticity (PV) diagnostic framework is used to explore the sensitivity of the 3 May 1999 Oklahoma City tornado outbreak to the strength of a particular PV anomaly proximate to the geographical region experiencing ...

Abstract: Quantitative diagnosis of low-Rossby-number flows using potential vorticity (PV) includes using elements of PV advection to deduce instantaneous tendencies of the balanced atmospheric state, most commonly the geopotential ...

Abstract: AbstractWater utilities seek to maintain high levels of water supply reliability while also meeting financial stability goals. Financial objectives such as keeping debt levels low and rates affordable can directly conflict ...