Abstract: For granular materials, the kinematic degrees of freedom at the microscale of particles are the particles’ displacements and rotations. In classical continuum mechanics, the kinematic degree of freedom at the macroscale ...

Abstract: There are many uncertainties in real-time flood control operation of a reservoir, which create risks in flood control decision making. In this paper, three uncertainty factors—reservoir inflow-forecasting errors, outflow ...

Abstract: The physical and mechanical properties of rocks significantly affect their deformation and fracture. Currently, the correlation between the physical and mechanical properties and the dynamic deformation and fracture in ...