Abstract: The interactions between long and synoptic-scale waves are studied as a two time-scale process. In the frame of reference of a long wave, a long wave varies slowly compared with the period of synoptic-scale waves. The long ...

Abstract: The synoptic-scale waves can alter the structure and growth rate of long waves by a two-step process. First, the long wave modulates the synoptic-scale waves on a planetary scale by-changing the local instability characteristics ...