Abstract: A formulation for parameterizing cumulus convection, which treats cumulus vertical momentum dynamics and mass fluxes consistently, is presented. This approach predicts the penetrative extent of cumulus updrafts on the basis ...

Abstract: The dependence of the thermal balance of a general circulation model on the parameterization of cumulus convection is investigated. Incorporation of a Kuo-type cumulus parameterization into the NCAR community climate model ...

Abstract: A procedure for initializing parameterizations for cumulus convection in numerical weather prediction models is described. The initialization adjust the temperature and humidity fields such that a simplified version of the ...

Abstract: The optical properties of ice clouds are a primary issue for climate and climate change. Evaluating these optical properties in three-dimensional models for studying climate will require a method to calculate the ice water ...

Abstract: he authors use observations and four GFDL AGCMs to analyze the relation between variations in spatial patterns and area-averaged quantities in the top-of-the-atmosphere radiative fluxes, cloud amount, and precipitation ...

Abstract: The stationary wave components of the planetary-scale circulation are maintained by topographic forcing and by latent and sensible heat transfers and radiation. These waves have a potential vorticity balance mainly due to ...

Abstract: A procedure for adjusting temperature and humidity analyses used as initial conditions for numerical weather prediction models so that diagnosed distributions of cumulus convection exist during the initial stages of the ...

Abstract: The frequency distributions of surface rain rate are evaluated in the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) satellite observations and the NOAA/GFDL global atmosphere model ...

Abstract: Riming within mixed-phase clouds can have a large impact on the prediction of clouds and precipitation within weather and climate models. The increase of ice particle fall speed due to riming has not been considered in ...