Abstract: For safe transportation of loads on floating ice sheets, it is important to determine the breakthrough load of an ice sheet. At present, the breakthrough load is estimated using empirical relations developed from the results ...

Abstract: On the basis of the results of small-scale and medium-scale indentation tests and full-scale measurements of ice forces, a methodology to estimate crushing ice forces is presented. The main point to note is that the effective ...

Abstract: A brief review of significant advances in the field of sea ice mechanics in the United States is presented in this paper. Emphasis is on ice forces on structures, as the subject relates to ...