Abstract: In recent years, the constructions of pile-supported ballastless track-bed have been developed rapidly in China. It appears important to assess the accumulative settlement of this kind of track-bed after years of operation, ...

Abstract: Abstract In this study, a novel approach for the active earth pressure on retaining wall with unsaturated backfill is proposed based on the nonlinear shear strength envelope shell model and classical Rankine theory. This ...

Abstract: In the French conventional railway substructure, the interpenetration of ballast grains and subgrade fine soils that occurred over years of operation has created a new layer, namely, an interlayer. The in situ investigation ...