Abstract: Robotic flat-end milling of complex surfaces offers advantages such as high flexibility and high machining efficiency. In the process of planning the toolpath based on the cutter contact path, the robot functional redundancy ...

Abstract: AbstractSulfoaluminate cement–based grouting materials (SAGMs) are frequently employed in projects concerning reinforcement and repair. Retarders are often added to SAGMs to improve their workability by delaying the hydration ...