Abstract: Braces made of square hollow structural sections (HSSs) in special concentrically braced frames (SCBFs) are likely to fracture under expected demand levels. This study, therefore, examines the additional seismic demands ...

Abstract: Special concentrically braced frames (SCBFs) are among the most common steel structures for resisting earthquake loads in high seismic regions. Concentrically braced frames (CBFs) are elastically designed as one vertical ...

Abstract: Moment frames with gravity columns in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings have been used extensively for the last decade in the United States. Unlike traditional beam–column–slab structures, they provide some advantages in ...