Abstract: TOPMODEL predictions of surface runoff and subsurface flow are fundamentally developed on the basis of the topographic index distribution (TID). The scale dependency of the TID [i.e., dependency on the resolution of the ...

Abstract: Soil particle size distribution (PSD) (i.e., clay, silt, sand, and rock contents) information is one of critical factors for understanding water cycle since it affects almost all of water cycle processes, e.g., drainage, ...