Abstract: A comparison of four methods for predicting the incipient motion conditions of a uniform sand bed is presented. The four methods are: (1) the Shields diagram, (2) an empirical approach, (3) a method derived from resolution ...

Abstract: Numerous inland Australian streams contain density-stratified or saline pools. Saline pools consist of a layer of saline water underlying a layer of fresh water. They are associated with seasonal low flows and influxes of ...