http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4295074 Sun, 26 Apr 2026 16:57:57 GMT 2026-04-26T16:57:57Z http://localhost:80/yetl1/bitstream/id/444680/ http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4295074 http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4307269 Social Susceptibility–Driven Longitudinal Tornado Reconnaissance Methodology: 2021 Midwest Quad-State Tornado Outbreak John W. van de Lindt; Wanting “Lisa” Wang; Blythe Johnston; P. Shane Crawford; Guirong Yan; Thang Dao; Trung Do; Katie Skakel; Mojtaba Harati; Tu Nguyen; Robinson Umeike; Silvana Croope With the impact of climate change, the intensity and frequency of tornado events have been increasing. Enhancing tornado reconnaissance methods can comprehensively capture building damage and recovery data following tornado events and outbreaks, thereby strengthening community resilience against the threat of future tornado events. Advancements in tornado data reconnaissance research have embraced remote sensing techniques to assess building damage after tornado events, supplanting traditional reconnaissance methods relying on handheld cameras with GIS mapping. Community resilience research offers a groundbreaking perspective, stressing the importance of assessing buildings throughout their recovery cycle—from damage and functionality to recovery—and considering their socioeconomic stability in the face of natural hazards. This paradigm shift in approach lays the groundwork for advancing tornado reconnaissance through longitudinal studies. This paper presents a holistic methodology for the longitudinal tornado reconnaissance study, beginning with socially driven community selection and extending through rapid perishable data collection and processing. The 2021 Midwest quad-state tornado outbreak serves as an illustrative example of these methods and tools, with longitudinal tornado reconnaissance findings presented herein. The methodology proposed marks the inception of a new era in longitudinal tornado reconnaissance, which facilitates community resilience research through model calibration and new recovery model development to provide decision-making support to stakeholders, city planners, practitioners, and beyond. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4307269 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4307258 Wind-Induced Response Analysis for High-Rise Buildings Based on Time-Variant Speed Model Considering Climate Change Yun-Tao Zhu; Xiang-Zhuo Li; De-Cheng Feng Under the scenario of global climate change, the wind resistance of high-rise buildings is facing a huge challenge. Climate change could cause an increase in wind speed, which poses a greater threat to high-rise buildings. However, the degradation of structural resistance will intensify. The wind-induced response that is based on the traditional standard might be strongly underestimated. Therefore, this study suggests a time-variant speed model that considers climate change, which quantifies the increase in wind speed in the future under different predictive models. Then, the safety and serviceability of a 17-story high-rise building associated with the build, natural aging, and climate change scenarios are compared. The results indicated that the safety and serviceability that correspond to the climate change scenario have a significant decrease compared with natural aging. For the prototype building, wind speed will reach very disturbing levels for residents on floors above the 11th under climate change scenarios, which is only the 15th–17th in the natural aging scenario. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4307258 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4307247 Additive Construction: Digital Construction Technology for Polylactide Railroad Tracks Navanit Shanmugam; David M. Boyajian; Shen-En Chen; Nicole Braxtan; Yuting Chen; R. Janardhanam In contrast to traditionally manufactured railroad tracks, additively constructed railroad tracks can be designed to integrate with naturally occurring landscapes and topographical features, thus reducing earthwork efforts and minimizing material waste, and making the enterprise of railroad construction more sustainable and cost-effective. Furthermore, by using such three-dimensional (3D) printing or additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, rail track construction can effectively benefit from futuristic and transformative digital construction (DC) technologies for effective construction management and project delivery. In this paper, the additive construction (AC) and DC of rail tracks is explored, and a pathway to full digital manufacture is suggested. Prototype tracks using polylactide (PLA) for micro-people movers were additively printed and load tested to illustrate the challenges of onsite AC, and how the additive and digital construction framework may be used for offering problem solutions. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4307247 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4307236 Cascading Failure Propagation and Perfect Storms in Interdependent Infrastructures Ryan Hoff; Ryan Sparks; Mikhail Chester; Ahmed Mustafa; Nathan Johnson; Adam Birchfield; Timon McPhearson; Rui Li; Nasir Ahmad; Ian Searles The increasingly complex conditions that are reshaping environments demand novel analysis of infrastructure weaknesses and behavior. Of critical concern are cascading failures and how small disruptions can spiral into large-scale outages. Significant evidence indicates infrastructures are increasingly stressed given a combination of disruptions including extreme climate events, disrepair, cyberattacks, and emerging and disruptive technology integration. Small disruptions appear increasingly likely to cascade to larger failures within and beyond infrastructures, and there is limited insight into how to protect systems that are increasingly integrated. As novel capabilities emerge to expedite the analysis of cascades (namely, synthetic infrastructure models and open-source network solvers), new opportunities exist to provide critical insights into cascading failures. Using the City of Phoenix as a case study, synthetic power and water networks are constructed and coupled, and disturbances are simulated to capture cascading failure behaviors within and across power and water distribution systems. Network solvers [PyPSA (version 0.24.0) for power and EPANET (version 2.2) for water] are used to capture network rebalancing. Failures are simulated starting with transmission line outages and 120,000 simulations used to capture stochasticity in the rebalancing of power and water systems and resulting differences in failure dynamics. In 89% of the simulations initial transmission line outages did not cause outages at substations or in water systems. Power failures did not lead to water outages in 96% of simulations. Despite significant variability in the networks, emergent failure patterns are observed when substation and resulting pump outages occur—a critical insight for resilience planning. Approximately 3.69% of the simulations lead to large cascading failures across both power and water systems. Furthermore, low-likelihood but high-consequence perfect storm outcomes were observed in many of the simulations, often resulting in widespread power outages. Combined, the results provide important insights for resilience planning across increasingly vulnerable and interdependent infrastructures. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4307236 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z