Abstract: A set of numerical simulations with a three-dimensional nonhydrostatic model is used to investigate the behavior of the atmospheric flow past idealized isolated mountains in the presence of an environmental critical level ...

Abstract: An analytical model is developed to predict the surface drag exerted by internal gravity waves on an isolated axisymmetric mountain over which there is a stratified flow with a velocity profile that varies relatively slowly ...

Abstract: AbstractGlobal dynamical reanalyses of the atmosphere and ocean fundamentally rely on observations, not just for the assimilation (i.e., for the definition of the state of the Earth system components) but also in many other ...

Abstract: Instrumental meteorological measurements from periods prior to the start of national weather services are designated “early instrumental data.” They have played an important role in climate research as they allow daily to ...