Abstract: In light of the correlation between chronic back pain and intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, this literature review seeks to illustrate the importance of the hydraulic response across the nucleus pulposus (NP)-annulus ...

Abstract: This study sought to evaluate the effects of prolonged cyclic loading on the tissue-level mechanical properties of the spinal annulus fibrosus. Functional spinal units (FSUs) were obtained from porcine cervical spines at ...